引射式结冰风洞内圆柱结冰试验

设计并建造了用于结冰研究的小型引射式结冰风洞试验系统,对其结冰气象条件参数进行了标定,给出了试验段水雾均匀区范围,验证了试验冰形的可重复性.在霜状冰和瘤状冰条件下,对直径为25.4mm和50.8mm的圆柱在所建的结冰风洞内进行了结冰试验.试验结果表明:在所研究的结冰条件和结冰时间范围内,霜状冰与瘤状冰的结冰厚度均随时间推进而线性增长;在满足结冰相似准则的情况下,冰形相似性结果良好,无量纲厚度的最大偏差约为10%.      

Universal scaling laws for fully-developed magnetic field turbulence near and far upstream of the Earth’s bow shock

We analyze the multifractal scaling of the modulus of the interplanetary magnetic field near and far upstream of the Earth’s bow shock, measured by Cluster and ACE, respectively, from 1 to 3 February 2002. The maximum order of the structure function is carefully estimated for each time series using two different techniques, to ensure the validity of our high-order statistics. The first technique consists of plotting the integrand of the pth order structure function, and the second technique is a quantitative method which relies on the power-law scaling of the extreme events. We compare the scaling exponents computed from the structure functions of magnetic field differences with the predictions obtained by the She–Lévêque model of intermittency in anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Our results show a good agreement between the model and the observations near and far upstream of the Earth’s bow shock, rendering support for the modelling of universal scaling laws based on the Kolmogorov phenomenology in the presence of sheet-like dissipative structures.     

关键能力和专业能力相结合的教学模式探讨

文章从分析高职教育学生关键能力和专业能力培养中存在的问题入手,提出培养关键能力和专业能力相结合的课程体系建设,提出加强文化基础课程的地位,并构建关键能力与专业能力相结合的课程模式体系和创新教学方法。     

Periodic Variations of Drag Coefficient for the ANDE Spherical Satellites During its Lifetime

A drag coefficient (C_D) inversion method is introduced to study the variations of the drag coefficient for orbital satellites with spherical geometry. Drag coefficients of the four micro satellites in the Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) are compiled out with this new method. The Lomb-Scargle Periodgram (LSP) analysis of the four ANDE satellites' C_D series has shown that there are obvious 5, 7, 9, and 27 days' period in those data. Interesting results are found through comparing the LSP analysis with series of the daily solar radio flux at 10.7 cm (F_10.7 index), the Ap index, and the daily averaged solar wind speed at 1AU. All series in the same time interval have an obvious period of about 27 days, which has already been explained as the association with the 27 days' solar rotation. The oscillating periods less than 27 days are found in series of C_D, Ap and solar wind speed at 1AU, e.g., the 5, 7, 9 days period. However, these short periods disappeared in the time series of F_10.7 index. The same periodicities of 5, 7, 9 days in Ap and solar wind are presented at the same time interval during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. While in the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, these short oscillations are not so obvious as that in the declining phase of solar cycle 23. These results provide definite evidence that the C_D variations with period of 5, 7 and 9 days are produced by a combination of space weather effects caused by the solar wind and geomagnetic activity.      

紧连阀轴流压气机变转速过失速瞬态模型

为了给各种压气机喘振主动控制器提供验证平台,提出了一个新的旋转失速及喘振模型.该模型在Moore-Greitzer轴流压气机过失速瞬态模型的基础上,考虑了转子动态及旋转失速高阶谐波对压气机气动稳定性的影响,并且在模型中增加了紧连阀作为执行机构.仿真结果表明:随着压气机转速的增加,压气机的失稳行为由旋转失速转为喘振;压气机转速的变化作为系统内部扰动,可能使压气机在节流阀开度较大时便进入气动失稳状态;虽然压气机初始扰动仅含有1阶谐波,但随着旋转失速的发展,高阶谐波强度不断增长而变得不可忽略.      

一种用于飞机结冰的海绵冰模型及应用

基于两相流理论,采用欧拉法对飞机结冰进行数值模拟,在空气流场速度分布的基础上,求解水滴流场,得到水滴收集率和撞击极限.结果表明:欧拉法比拉格朗日法在计算水滴收集效率和撞击极限方面有优势,尤其是在较大的水滴平均等效直径情况下.对翼型的冰形和圆柱表面的温度预测数据和实验数据进行对比,圆柱冰形厚度误差在15.0%之内,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,同时表明结冰模型是有效可行的.      

高超声速等截面磁流体发电机性能研究

采用三维低磁雷诺数磁流体动力学五方程模型,对等截面管道法拉第型分段电极磁流体发电机内的流动进行数值模拟,研究了负载系数、磁场强度、电极-绝缘壁宽度比对发电通道性能的影响.结果表明:当负载系数为0.50时电功率密度达到最大,并且随着负载系数的增大发生器的减速能力降低;当磁场强度为8T时,500mm的管道长度即可将来流马赫数从6降低到3以下,温度保持在800K以下,并且每立方米的管道发电量能够达到兆瓦级的水平.      

高速车辆侧窗风振噪声仿真分析与控制

采用大涡模拟的计算方法,对某轿车在不同侧窗开启工况下风振噪声特性进行了数值仿真.揭示了侧窗风振噪声的产生机理,分析了不同侧窗开启方式下驾驶员耳旁声压级存在差异的原因.分析结果表明:后窗附近湍流强度弱,能量耗散少,开启时风振噪声最大;开启2个侧窗时,由于气流导出效应,可以有效地降低风振噪声.提出了使用扰流装置抑制风振噪声的措施,探讨了不同形状扰流装置对风振噪声影响.仿真结果表明:方形扰流装置的降噪效果最明显,最大降幅可达15dB.      

变循环发动机部件级建模技术

以双外涵变循环发动机为研究对象,建立了其整机部件级稳态及动态数学模型,建模过程中考虑了导叶角和导向器面积变化对压气机和涡轮部件特性的影响,考虑了模式选择活门面积变化对副外涵进口空气流量的影响,所建立的模型能够执行变循环发动机2种典型工作模式:稳态及模式切换过渡态仿真.仿真结果表明:随着模式选择活门逐渐关闭,前段风扇喘振裕度显著减小;双涵工作模式下发动机耗油率低,适用于亚声速巡航飞行;单涵工作模式下发动机单位推力高,适用于超声速巡航飞行.      

抽吸对高超侧压进气道自起动性能的影响

针对某型高超侧压进气道设计了纵向槽、横向槽和圆孔等4种抽吸方案,对各方案的进气道流场进行了数值模拟.结果表明:抽吸可以显著提升进气道的自起动性能,且对进气道不起动流场的分离区进行抽吸的效果最佳,文中最优方案将进气道的自起动马赫数由4.6降至3.7.对进气道进行了马赫数为4条件下变攻角的风洞试验,验证了抽吸对提升进气道自起动性能的有效性.